Some topics on Project Human Resource Management that Project Managers Should Understand understand.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:Basic theory of motivation. Five levels of motivation:
Lower needs
1. Physiological – food, clothing, shelter
2. Security – freedom from fear, job protection, safety
3. Acceptance – being a part of the team
Higher Needs
4. Esteem – feeling of importance
5.Self actualization – Live and work with full potential
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory YApplies to management approach
X: People are selfish, unmotivated, dislike work, must be forced to work, constant supervision required
Y: People are naturally motivated to work, team members need very little external supervision required.
Assembly line organizations may benefit from X type of managers.
Contingency Theory:
Managers may be task oriented or relationship oriented. In stressful situations task-oriented managers become more successful. While in calm situations relationship-oriented managers perform better.
Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene TheorySome factors are not directly motivating but their absence will make some people unsatisfied.
Hygiene Factors:
Supervision
Work Condition
Relationship with co-workers
Paycheck
Company Policy
Motivational Factors:
Achievement
Recognition
Work
Responsibility
Growth
Expectancy Theory:Anticipation of a reward or good outcome is a motivation. But the motivation only works if the target is achievable/practical. If a person is told if he can sale 100,000 in 4 weeks, he will get 10000$ as bonus. The person will feel motivated only if he can think it is possible but if he feels it is impossible, no motivation will be there.
Achievement Theory:People need achievement, power, and affiliation.
achievement: Desire to accomplish something
Power: Desire to influence the behavior of others
Affiliation: Desire to belong to a group
Forms of Power
The project manager may enjoy the following forms of power
Reward: reward a team member
Expert: When the manager is an expert, people will listen to him[best form of power]
Legitimate: Power due to the position.
Referent: Example: A manager very close to the CEO may feel/enjoy higher power than he really has.
Punishment: worst type
Best Form: Reward and Expert
Conflict Resolution:
Methods of Conflict Resolution
Problem-solving: Solve the problem (root cause of the problem)
Compromise
Forcing: never good in the long run
Smoothing:not recommended. Does not solve the issue
Withdrawl: ignore the issue. not a resolution
Constructive Team Roles
Initiators
Information seekers
Information givers: not confidential information
Encouragers:
Clarifiers:
Harmonizers:
Summarizers:
Gate Keepers:
From: http://sitestree.com/?p=4769
Categories:PMP – Project Management
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Post Data:2007-12-11 09:18:59
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