Quiz: Root Access, Boot Process, File Systems, Partitions, and Mounting
1. True/False
The root user is the superuser account and has the highest access rights on a Linux system.
Answer: True
2. True/False
It is recommended to stay logged in as root for normal daily work because it is faster.
Answer: False
Explanation: Staying logged in as root is risky because mistakes may affect the entire system.
3. Multiple Choice
Which command is preferred when you need to run one privileged command?
A. su -
B. sudo command
C. exit
D. whoami
Answer: B. sudo command
4. Multiple Choice
What does the command below do?
su -
A. Runs one command as root
B. Opens a login shell as root
C. Shows the current user
D. Lists mounted filesystems
Answer: B. Opens a login shell as root
5. Multiple Choice
Which process is usually started by the kernel as the first userspace process?
A. GRUB
B. BIOS
C. systemd or init
D. fdisk
Answer: C. systemd or init
6. Multiple Choice
Which systemd target usually represents a non-graphical multi-user system?
A. poweroff.target
B. rescue.target
C. multi-user.target
D. graphical.target
Answer: C. multi-user.target
7. Multi-Select
Which of the following are risks of using the root account directly?
Select all that apply.
A. Accidental system-wide file changes
B. Running ordinary tasks with unnecessary privileges
C. Forgetting that you are logged in as root
D. More accountability than sudo
E. Background processes may run with root privilege
Answers: A, B, C, E
8. Multi-Select
Which commands are commonly part of the basic partition, format, mount, and verify workflow?
Select all that apply.
A. lsblk
B. fdisk
C. mkfs
D. mount
E. df -h
F. passwd
Answers: A, B, C, D, E
9. Multi-Select
Which statements about filesystems are correct?
Select all that apply.
A. A filesystem organizes data and metadata on storage
B. Journaling can reduce recovery time after an unclean shutdown
C. ext4 is commonly used on many Linux distributions
D. FAT is a modern Linux-native journaling filesystem
E. NTFS is associated with Microsoft Windows
Answers: A, B, C, E
10. Fill in the Blank with Choices
A filesystem defines how __________ and metadata are organized and accessed on a storage device.
A. users
B. data
C. passwords
D. targets
Answer: B. data
11. Fill in the Blank with Choices
The Linux filesystem table is stored in the file __________.
A. /etc/passwd
B. /etc/fstab
C. /boot/grub
D. /var/log
Answer: B. /etc/fstab
12. Fill in the Blank with Choices
On modern systems, __________ is normally preferred over MBR for large disks unless compatibility requires MBR.
A. FAT
B. GPT
C. ext2
D. BIOS
Answer: B. GPT
13. Matching
Match each FHS directory with its purpose.
| Directory | Purpose |
|---|---|
1. /etc | A. User home directories |
2. /var | B. Device files |
3. /home | C. System-wide configuration files |
4. /dev | D. Logs and changing data |
5. /boot | E. Boot loader files and kernels |
Answer:
| Directory | Correct Purpose |
|---|---|
/etc | C |
/var | D |
/home | A |
/dev | B |
/boot | E |
14. Matching
Match each command with its purpose.
| Command | Purpose |
|---|---|
1. lsblk | A. Format a partition with a filesystem |
2. fdisk | B. Show block devices |
3. mkfs | C. Modify partition tables |
4. mount | D. Attach a filesystem to the Linux directory tree |
5. umount | E. Detach a mounted filesystem |
Answer:
| Command | Correct Purpose |
|---|---|
lsblk | B |
fdisk | C |
mkfs | A |
mount | D |
umount | E |
15. Ordering
Put the boot stages in the correct order.
A. Kernel starts init/systemd
B. BIOS/UEFI starts
C. GRUB loads the selected kernel
D. System reaches target/services
E. MBR or boot loader code begins the boot manager stage
Correct Order:
- B
- E
- C
- A
- D
16. Ordering
Put the storage setup steps in the correct order.
A. Format the partition with mkfs
B. Identify the disk with lsblk
C. Mount the filesystem
D. Create a partition using fdisk
E. Verify using df -h
Correct Order:
- B
- D
- A
- C
- E
17. Short Answer
Explain the difference between sudo and su -.
Sample Answer:sudo runs a single command with elevated privileges and logs the action. su - opens a new login shell as another user, usually root if no username is provided. sudo is safer for one administrative task, while su - is used when a full shell as another user is needed.
18. Hands-on Short Answer
Write commands to format /dev/sdb1 as ext4, create /mnt/test, mount the partition, and verify it.
Sample Answer:
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/test
sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/test
df -h
19. Analytical Short Answer
Why is /dev/sdb commonly used with fdisk, but /dev/sdb1 is commonly used with mkfs?
Sample Answer:/dev/sdb represents the whole disk, so fdisk uses it to create or modify the disk’s partition table. /dev/sdb1 represents a specific partition, so mkfs formats that partition with a filesystem.
20. Higher-Order Short Answer
A server should automatically mount a new ext4 partition after every reboot. Which file should be configured, and what information does it need?
Sample Answer:
The file /etc/fstab should be configured. It needs the filesystem or UUID, mount point, filesystem type, mount options, dump value, and filesystem check pass value. Example pattern:
UUID=... /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 2
This allows the system to mount the filesystem automatically during boot.
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