Oracle Process architecture
Oracle processes running simultaneously in the background

• archiver processes (ARCn)
• checkpoint process (CKPT)
• database writer processes (DBWn)
• dispatcher processes (Dnnn): multiplex server-processes on behalf of users
• memory-manager process (MMAN): used for internal database tasks such as Automatic Shared Memory Management
• job-queue processes (CJQn)
• log-writer process (LGWR)
• logical standby coordinator process (LSP0): controls Data Guard log-application
• media-recovery process (MRP): detached recovery-server process
• memory-monitor process (MMON)
• memory-monitor light process (MMNL): gathers and stores Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) data
• process-monitor process (PMON)
• process-spawner (PSP0): spawns Oracle processes
• queue-monitor processes (QMNn)
• recoverer process (RECO)
• remote file-server process (RFS)
• shared server processes (Snnn): serve client-requests
• system monitor process (SMON)

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Post Data:2010-06-23 15:17:48

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Canada: Employment Laws: Check Here

Another good source of information

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Post Data:2011-08-19 00:41:29

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Similar to the way you use crystal report for report creation in Visual Studio. The following web-pages and videos demonstrate how to use crystal reports in eclipse IDE [for Java] for report creation. Creating reports using tools like this may be faster and more efficient than creating reports with Java/JSP coding solely. Modification to existing reports also becomes much more easy. Just like to change a column title or to change the font size, you will not require to dig into codes

• Video: demonstrates the basics how to use crystal report in Eclipse environment
• Other videos on how to use Crystal Report for Eclipse

Crystal report for Java can be used with other environments like

IBM Rational Application Developer
IBM WebSphere Studio
BEA WebLogic Workshop
Borland JBuilder

For details on how to, please check:Crystal Report for Java: Environments From: http://sitestree.com/?p=4814
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Enterprise integration involves integration of different IT software and systems to provide integrated business operations/processes. Enterprise integration facilitates the following:

• Information aggregation
• Single point of data entry
• Process efficiency
• Web channel integration
• Supplier integration and supply chain optimization

How to asses that you need integration?
Ask yourself the following questions:

• Do you need to collect information from different systems for a business process?
• Do the different IT systems need to communicate with each other?
• Do you need to input the same data in different IT systems?
• Do you find it difficult to extract data from different IT systems?
• Do you have data inconsistency across different IT systems?
  If your answers to these questions are Yes, then you may need integration.

  Levels of Integration

  1. Process Integration
  2. Service Integration
  3. Application Integration
  4. Data Integration
  5. Presentation Integration

  Challenges in Enterprise Integration
  Technical Challenges

  • Stand-alone design
  • Internalised data models
  • Heterogeneous technologies
  • Legacy engineering
  • Lack of interfaces
  • Semantic mismatch
  • Unclear business processes
  • Standards
  • Security

  Management Challenges

  • New collaborations
  • Project scoping
  • Continued stakeholder support
  • Data ownership
  • Time constraints
  • Cost constraints
  • Migration
  • Expertise

  Reference: Enterprise Architecture and Integration: Methods, Implementation and Technologies, by Wing Lam and Venky Shankararaman (eds)

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• “Pareto s 80/20 rule, as applied to the SDLC, is in the process of being drastically altered. In the past, approximately 20% of the SDLC was spent on analysis and design activities with the remaining 80% spent on systems development and implementation”
• “In this new paradigm, approximately 80% of the SDLC is spent on analysis and design activities with the remaining 20% spent on systems development and implementation”
• “We want to develop software by integration rather than code writing. The software market is rapidly moving in this direction; component-ware and related methodologies are maturing day by day.”
• “More recently, enterprise resource planning (ERP) solutions, such as SAP and Peoplesoft, which involve replacing existing systems with a suite of interconnected modular systems from a single vendor, were seen as the answer to systems integration (Davenport, 1998). However, organizations soon realized that no single ERP system could address all the requirements of an organization (Hong & Kim, 2002).”
• “With SOA, the issue of integration is no longer problematic so long as every system conforms to the SOA model and is able to offer its functionality through a set of defined services. That, unfortunately, is the point where SOA suffers the same adoption problems as Web services” [as industries have invested much on legacy systems and have to live with them]

Reference: Enterprise Architecture and Integration: Methods, Implementation and Technologies, by Wing Lam and Venky Shankararaman (eds)

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Evolution of Software Architecture

• In the earliest days, physical motion and electrical signals were the forms of programming
• Later programming was done in punch cards
• Then assembly languages came into existence to provide an elementary form of abstraction
• Even in the early forms of programming, architectures were existent. Different blocks of code were connected by physical proximity to one another. The blocks were knitted together by branching statements.
• 1960 was the decade of the subroutine
• 1970 was the module decade. Quality became a major concern in addition to correct functioning
• In 1970s, concepts like data-flow analysis, entity-relation diagrams, information hiding, and other principles or techniques formed the bases of design methodologies. These design concepts led to the concept of modules. Later the concept of packaging modules and re-usable modules came into existence that facilitated the programming style where you can almost ignore the inner workings of the modules.
• In 1980s, module based concepts such as information hiding and associated methodologies led to the concept of Objects. The concept of inheritence formed during this period
• In 1990s, Object Based Architectures started appearing as frameworks. Along the way, abstractions has become more powerful. Architecture focused more on the placement of elements and their interactions than individual elements
• In current decade, Middleware and IT architecture are the standards. The commercial solutions have built-in security, reliability, performance support. Programmers no longer need to add/write these components individually. Rather can focus on the features of the platform and make the best use of them.
• The flow: Subroutines -> Modules -> Objects -> Frameworks -> Middleware and Architecture
• Architecture Business Cycle
  • Level – 1: An organization creates an architecture for a single system
  • Level – 2: From the same architecture, the organization makes a series of products
  • Level – 3: From a proposed architecture through community wide interaction, a standard architecture is created
  • Level – 4: The architecture sometimes become super pervasive, and create a world-wide architecture such as the Internet
• How to create a new architecture: The following processes may help –
  • Think – are the quality attributes and quality requirements complete?
  • Think – are the tactics/strategies used sufficient?
  • Think – how can the scenarios be coupled for better results/qualities?
  • Think – how can the tactics/strategies be coupled for better results/qualities?
  • Think – how can you predict the results of applying a tactic, [or the effect of coupling]?
  • See can you find a pattern on how to use the strategies for better results?
  • Think – can any tool facilitate the process?
• Commercial Components
  • Industries are creating many commercial architectural products; the products can be generic or domain specific. For example, J2EE for Information Technology domain

Reference: Software Architecture in Practice, Second Editionby Len Bass; Paul Clements; Rick Kazman

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Software Architecture is a growing but still young discipline.

• Some common definitions of Software Architecture [Ref: Software Architecture in Practice, Second Edition by Len Bass; Paul Clements; Rick Kazman]:
  • Architecture is high-level design
  • Architecture is the overall structure of the system
  • Architecture is the structure of the components of a program or system, their interrelationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time
  • Architecture is components and connectors
• Why is Software Architecture important?
  • As Software Architecture provides a high level abstraction/view of the system/software, it helps the stakeholders in mutual understanding, negotiation, consensus, and communication of the system/software
  • Software Architecture helps to play with the early design decisions and adjust before it’s too late to modify/change the design decisions. Early design decisions influence the total SDLC and are the most difficult to get correct. Mistakes in the early design decisions are hard to be recovered later.
  • Once a successful software architecture is developed, the architecture can be re-used for other systems (similar).
• How software architecture and early design decisions affect the total SDLC?
  • Using Software Architecture, you can define the constraints on software implementation
  • Software Architecture can also determine the structure of the development and management groups
  • Software architecture can enable/disable the quality requirements of the system/software. If you need a scalable system, your architecture should address/reflect this, and show/define how to achieve this, otherwise your system may end up being not scalable
  • System qualities can be determined by studying the software architecture
  • Software Architecture will help you to analyze the system and change, the change management becomes easy
  • Software Architecture helps in more accurate cost and schedule estimates
• Architectural Structures and Views
  • Module structures: Here the architecture is represented as modules. The modules are the implementation units
  • Component-and-connector structures: Here the elements are the runtime components. Connector represents the interaction among the components.
  • Allocation structures: Shows the relationship between the software elements and the elements in one or more external creation/execution environments.
• A Module based structure includes: Decomposition, Uses, Layered, Class, or generalization
• A Component-and-Connector structure includes: Process, or communicating processes, Concurrency, Shared data, or repository, Client-server
• An Allocation structure includes: Deployment, Implementation, and Work assignment

[Ref: Software Architecture in Practice, Second Edition by Len Bass; Paul Clements; Rick Kazman]:

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Post Data:2011-02-15 04:38:23

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• A collection of resources that software architects must read. To become a successful architect, you must go through these resources

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Post Data:2011-08-12 08:06:13

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The Bredemeyer Architect Competency Framework (http://www.bredemeyer.com/pdf_files/ArchitectCompetencyFramework.PDF) covers the following domains of comeptency:

– Technology
– Business strategy
– Organizational Politics
– Consulting
– Leadership

Each area of the Bredemeyer Architect Competency Framework summarizes the architects knowledge (what you know), activities (what you do) and characterisitics (what you are) of the software architect. For illustration, here is an example competency area from the Bredemeyer Framework:

Area: Technology
What You Know?
* Domain and pertinent technologies
* Key technical issues
* Development methods and modeling techniques

What you do?

* Modeling
* Tradeoff analysis
* Prototype/experiment/simulate
* Prepare architectural documents and presentations
* Technology trend analysis/roadmaps
* Take a system viewpoint

What you are?

* Creative
* Investigative
* Practical/pragmatic
* Insightful
* Tolerant of ambiguity,
* Willing to backtrack, seek multiple solutions
* Good at working at an abstract level

Each area of the framework is further elborated, and for more information on the Bredemeyer Architect Competency Framework please see: http://www.bredemeyer.com/Architect/ArchitectSkillsLinks.htm

More information on the Role of the Architect is available at:http://www.bredemeyer.com/who.htm

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