Check your PHP Knowledge
Do you know all of the following concepts? If not – why don’t you learn? Know all of them and claim yourself to be an expert in PHP. How to go about learning? First know all the concepts. Then go to the details of each topic. Learning the concepts are first priority. why? if you know the concepts, you will know what you should use to solve the problem at hand. Then explore the topic and solve the problem.

PHP Basics

• Syntax
• Operators
• Variables
• Constants
• Control Structures
• Language Constructs and Functions

Functions

• Syntax
• Arguments
• Variables
• References
• Returns
• Variable Scope

Arrays

• Enumerated Arrays
• Associative Arrays
• Array Iteration
• Multi-Dimensional Arrays
• Array Functions
• SPL

Object Oriented Programming

• Instantiation
• Modifiers/Inheritance
• Interfaces
• Exceptions
• Static Methods & Properties
• Autoload
• Reflection
• Type Hinting
• Class Constants

Security

• Configuration
• Session Security
• Cross-Site Scripting
• Cross-Site Request Forgeries
• SQL Injection
• Remote Code Injection
• Email Injection
• Filter Input
• Escape Output

XML and Web Services

• XML Basics
• SimpleXML
• XML Extension
• Xpath
• Webservices Basics
• SOAP
• REST

Strings and Patterns

• Quoting
• Matching
• Extracting
• Searching
• Replacing
• Formatting
• PCRE

Databases and SQL

• SQL
• Joins
• Analyzing Queries
• Prepared Statements
• Transactions
• Database Design
• Normalization
• RDBMS
• Replication/Reporting

Web Features

• Sessions
• Forms
• GET and POST data
• Cookies
• HTTP Headers

Streams and Network Programming

• Files
• Reading
• Writing
• File System Functions
• Streams

PHP 4/5/6 Differences

• Object Orientation
• E_STRICT
• References vs. Object Handles

Design and Theory

• IDesign Patterns
• Code Reuse
• OOP Theory

From: http://sitestree.com/?p=5127
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Post Data:2010-03-06 04:45:55

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• is_infinite
• is_float
• is_int
• is_integer
• is_long
• is_link
• is_finite
• is_file
• is_bool
• is_binary
• is_buffer
• is_callable
• is_executable
• is_double
• is_nan
• is_null
• is_subclass_of
• is_string
• is_unicode
• is_uploaded_file

For details, please check: PHP is_…() functions From: http://sitestree.com/?p=5125
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Post Data:2011-04-15 20:21:40

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• An excellent survey on Open Source CMS (PHP)

From: http://sitestree.com/?p=5108
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Post Data:2008-12-28 21:26:32

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• Why good open source PHP CMS developers are hard to find
• PHP Social Network Site Solutions
• 5 reasons why the Drupal CMS is not ready for the enterprise
• Which open source CMS is the best?

From: http://sitestree.com/?p=5107
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Post Data:2009-06-03 02:27:03

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• PHP is a skill not a profession

From: http://sitestree.com/?p=5106
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Post Data:2009-07-16 08:06:53

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OOP concepts in PHP 5 in short Why this short – note? if you are familiar with OOD and any OOP language such as Java/C++, this short note will give you enough information to start with PHP 5 OOP Class

• Class definition starts with the keyword class, followed by a class name (non reserved word), followed by a pair of curly braces. The curly braces contain the definition of the classes members and methods
• You can create objects based on the classes. $obj = new className()
• You use $obj->methodName() to access a class method (public). You can use className::classMember to access class members (static): to use :: operator the method does not need to be declared static
• Inside a class all class methods have access to $this variable to refer to the calling object (if called from/using an object)
• member declaration: public $var = ‘a default value
• Default value always is: constant expression
• Class/Object Functions
• A class can use extends keyword to inherit methods and members of another class
• Multiple inheritance is not allowed
• To avoid using a long list of includes in the beginning of php files, you can use __autoload() function to do the job for you
• When you try to use an undefined class/interface an __autoload function is automatically called

• function __autoload($class_name) {                 
     require_once $class_name . '.php';               
  }

• Constructor syntax: void __construct ([ mixed $args [, $… ]] )
• Parents’ constructors are not automatically called from children’s constructos. use explicit parent::__construct() instead
• Destructor syntax: void __destruct ( void )
• Destructor is called: 1. all references to the object are removed 2. the object is explicitly destroyed 3. in shutdown sequence
• Parents’ destructors are not automatically called from children’s destructors. use explicit parent::__destruct() instead
• Access modifiers for class members: public, protected or private: Public – accessible from anywhere. Protected – accessible from inherited and parent classes, within the class. Private – accessible within the class
• No access modifier = public
• :: – scope resolution operator – allows access to static, constant, and overridden members or methods of a class
• Abstract classes: Introduced in PHP 5. You are not allowed to reate an instance of an abstract class.
• Even if a class contains one abstract method, the class must bedeclared abstract
• Abstract classes are just about signatures, they cannot define the implementation
• A class inheriting from an abstract class, must have to implement all abstract methods. The abstract methods must be defined with the same/(less restricted) visibility
• Interface: Just the method signatures. No method implementation inside interfaces
• All interface methods must be public
• Classes implementing interfaces must implement all methods. Classes use implements keyword to implement an interface
• A class can not implement two interfaces having same class names
• Interfaces can be extended using extends keyword
• Interfaces can also have constants
• Overloading: Overloading in PHP = dynamically “create” members and methods
• overloading methods: invoked when interacting with non-declared/invisible members or methods
• All overloading methods must be defined as public
• In PHP, overloading is done through magic methods
• The arguments of the magic methods can not be ‘passed by reference’
• Member overloading methods: void __set ( string $name , mixed $value ), mixed __get ( string $name ), bool __isset ( string $name ), void __unset ( string $name )
• Method overloading: mixed __call ( string $name , array $arguments ), mixed __callStatic ( string $name , array $arguments )
• Object Iteration: Inside the class

  foreach($this as $key => $value) {                  
     print "$key => $valuen";              
  }

• Object Iteration: Outside class:

  $class = new MyClass();               
  foreach ($class as $key => $value) {                 
     print "$key => $valuen";
  }

• Patterns: Factory Pattern: allows the instantiation of objects at runtime
• Patterns: Singleton: Helps in situations where only a single instance of a class is required that will be used by many other objects
• Magic methods: have special meaning. __construct, __destruct (see Constructors and Destructors), __call, __callStatic, __get, __set, __isset, __unset, __sleep, __wakeup, __toString, __set_state and __clone
• serialize() – applies to __sleep(). unserialize() applies to __wakeup()
• final keyword: final members can not be overriden, final classes can not be extended
• $copy_of_object = clone $object; : will create a clone of $object. Unless a __clone method defined, a shadow is created. __clone() method can define how the cloning will be done
• Objects Comparison: == : two object instances are equal if they have the same attributes and values, and are instances of the same class.
• Objects Comparison: === : Object variables are identical if and only if they refer to the same instance of the same class
• Reflection APIs: to reverse-engineer classes, interfaces, functions and methods, extensions
• Reflection APIs: Offer ways to retrieve doc comments for functions, classes and methods
• Type Hinting: Functions can enforce parameters to be objects:
• Late Static Bindings: to refer the called class in a context of static inheritance.

From: http://sitestree.com/?p=5105
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Post Data:2011-07-30 15:39:51

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