Quiz: Root Access, Boot Process, File Systems, Partitions, and Mounting 1. True/False The root user is the superuser account and has the highest access rights on a Linux system. Answer: True 2. True/False It is recommended to stay logged in as root for normal daily work because it is faster. Answer: FalseExplanation: Staying logged in …
Category: Root
May 31
Special Permissions: SUID, SGID, sticky bit
Linux Special Permissions: SUID, SGID, and Sticky Bit Linux normally uses three permission groups: And three basic permissions: Example: Output: But Linux also has special permissions: They appear in ls -l output as: 1. SUID — Set User ID Meaning SUID means: When an executable file runs, it runs with the permission of the file …
May 30
Why? Max permissions on a file: 666? what if I give 777?
When people say: Max permissions on a file: 666 they usually mean default maximum permissions when a new regular file is created, not the maximum you can manually set. 1. Default maximum for new files: 666 For a new regular file, Linux normally starts from: That means: No execute permission by default. Why? Because most …
May 30
Define and describe Selinux in general terms
SELinux stands for Security-Enhanced Linux. It is a Linux security system that adds an extra layer of protection to the operating system. It controls what users, programs, services, and processes are allowed to do. A simple definition: SELinux is a security feature in Linux that enforces strict rules about which processes can access which files, …
May 30
Linux: setfacl remove a user completely
To remove a specific user completely from ACL permissions, use setfacl -x. Remove a user ACL from a file Example: Check: Remove a user ACL from a directory Example: If the directory has default ACLs too For directories, a user may have: Remove both: Or in one command: Remove user ACL recursively To remove that …
May 30
Linux: Regular Permissions (symbolic/numeric) vs ACL
Linux has two main permission layers: 1. Traditional UGO permissions UGO means: Example: means: Another example: means: So 777 is very broad. It gives everyone full access. So: This is usually not safe, especially for shared systems. 2. ACL permissions ACL means Access Control List. ACL lets you give permission to specific extra users or …
May 30
Linux: ACL vs Selinux
ACL vs SELinux ACL and SELinux both control access, but they work at different levels. Feature ACL SELinux Full name Access Control List Security-Enhanced Linux Main purpose Give extra file permissions to specific users/groups Enforce system-wide security policy Access model DAC: Discretionary Access Control MAC: Mandatory Access Control Controlled by File owner/root SELinux policy/root Works …
May 24
Explain the command and each part : Get-Service * | Select-Object Status, DisplayName | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq “Running” -and $_.DisplayName -like “Windows*“ } | Sort-Object DisplayName -Descending | Format-Table -AutoSize
This command lists running Windows services whose display name starts with “Windows”, sorts them by display name in descending order, and displays the result in a neat table. Corrected version: Step-by-step explanation 1. Get-Service * Gets all Windows services on the computer. The * wildcard means: So this returns services such as: 2. Pipeline | …
May 24
Explain: Get-Children and Rename-Item
Below, parent command means the main cmdlet being used: Get-ChildItem or Rename-Item. 1. Get-ChildItem -Path C:\Users\sayed\* -Include *.txt Parent command: Get-ChildItem Get-ChildItem lists files and folders in a location. It is similar to: Your rename-files lab explains that Get-ChildItem returns items from one or more locations and can be combined with filtering parameters such as …
May 24
compare contrast these commands: Get-Disk | Format-Table -Auto Get-PhysicalDisk Get-Partition -DiskNumber 0 Get-Partition -DriveLetter D
These four commands are all disk/partition viewing commands, but they look at different levels of storage. The disk-management lab explains that Get-Disk shows logical disks, Get-PhysicalDisk shows physical disk devices, and Get-Partition is used to view partition information for a disk. Command Main Purpose Level Get-Disk | Format-Table -Auto Shows disks in a clean table …
