Why extensible?
This is a sensing service for smart homes that includes a full featured location sensing component, and prototype location storage and interoperability components. It also explains how the prototype components can be extended along with demonstrating how the total system can be extended to provide a real smart home. The location sensing can be extended to a larger space, to three dimension, and also to provide robustness to beacon node failure. Using database techniques the storage component can be extended, perhaps XML based database techniques will be helpful. Using Data mining techniques on the database, rules about user habits can be derived. AI techniques might help to monitor and find rules regarding user habits, adapt the system automatically to user habits change. So the system is extensible
What is a home network?
A home area network is a network that connects home computers into a network through wired or wireless interfaces. This network can also include network printers, scanners, or other smart household devices. Also a sensor network integrated with the computer network can also be treated as part of the home network.
In other words, a home area network can be defined as a network deployed in a home to connect the digital devices in the home such as computers, computer peripheral devices, telephones, VCRs, Televisions, Fax Machines, Home Security System, smart" appliances
What do you mean by Pervasive computing
Pervasive computing are the technologies that makes information available to everywhere. Examples are wireless networks, cellular phone technologies. Computing environment using mobile phone, hand-held computers, and smart jackets are parts of pervasive computing to make information available and easily accessible. Therefore, pervasive computing refers to the distributed tools in our environment, through which we access information anytime, anywhere.
What do you mean by Ubiquitous computing
Ubiquitous computing hopes to provide intelligence into the environment. Ubiquitous computing targets to embed computing into the environment where computing will be done automatically to facilitate user activities or will perform actions automatically. Users will be able to interact with computing technologies more naturally than they do now even while moving. Ubiquitous computing would include information everywhere where Pervasive computing would make information available everywhere
ubiquitous computing is best considered as the underlying framework, the embedded systems, networks and displays which are invisible and everywhere, allowing us to 'plug-and-play' devices and tools. Such systems are so embedded and natural that we use them without thinking - except of course when they break down!
What do you mean by context-aware computing?
Context-aware computing aims to use the surrounding environment and user contexts to automate computing and activities to improve user experiences; where context refers to the physical or social situations or states
What is a sensor network?
[From Wikipedia]"A sensor network is a computer network of many, spatially distributed devices using sensors to monitor conditions at different locations, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants. Usually these devices are small and inexpensive, so that they can be produced and deployed in large numbers, and so their resources in terms of energy, memory, computational speed and bandwidth are severely constrained. Each device is equipped with a radio transceiver, a small microcontroller, and an energy source, usually a battery. The devices use each other to transport data to a monitoring computer.Sensor networks involve three areas: sensing, communications, and computation (hardware, software, algorithms). Very useful technologies are wireless database technology such as queries, used in a wireless sensor network, and network technology to communicate with other sensors, especially multihop routing protocols. For example, ZigBee is a wireless protocol used by Motorola in home control systems."[wikipedia]
What is a wireless sensor network?
"A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network made of many small sensor nodes (or motes) and one or more base stations (also called sinks), which centralises the data gathered by sensor nodes.Sensor nodes are small computers, extremely basic in terms of their interfaces and their components. They usually only consist of a processing unit with limited computational power and limited memory, sensors (including specific conditioning circuitry), a communication device (usually radio transceivers or alternatively optical), and a power supply. Other possible inclusions are energy harvesting modules, secondary ASICs, and possibly secondary communication devices (RS232, USB...).The base stations are one or more distinguished components of the WSN with much more computational, energy and communication resources. They act as a gateway between sensor nodes and the end user."[wikipedia]
What is trilateration, triangulation, multilateration
Triangulation:[wikipedia]
Trilateration:
Multilateration:Multilateration, also known as hyperbolic positioning, is the process of locating an object by accurately computing the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of a signal emitted from the object to three or more receivers. It also refers to the case of locating a receiver by measuring the TDOA of a signal transmitted from three or more synchronised transmitters.
Multilateration should not be confused with trilateration, which uses absolute measurements of time-of-arrival from three or more sites.[wikipedia]
E-OTD (phonescoop.com)
E-OTD: Enhanced Observed Time Difference:A position-location method for GSM networks in which the phone measures the difference in the time of arrival signals from different towers. Essentially, the phone triangulates its position using signals from the towers, the reports the position back to the network.
E-OTD is one of several technologies that carriers can deploy to meet E-911 includements.
Unlike competing U-TDOA technology, the phone actively participates in the location process. Therefore, E-OTD only works with phones that specifically include E-OTD technology.
What is AOA
Multipath
Limitations of Cricket
http://www.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~kmregan/bib/tc/entry-Cricket00.html
A survey on location tracking technologies. Check to know relative advantages and disadvantages. It makes use of tables to compare
www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument?urn_ nbn_se_liu_diva-5767-1__fulltext.pdf
Bluetooth
Coding Stuff
- nesC applications contain bidirectional interfaces
- nesC model is based on tasks, hardware event handlers, and detecting data races at compile time
- A component use or provide interfaces
- Interface contains a set of functions called commands that interface provider must implement
- Interface contains another set of functions called events also the interface provider must implement
- Two types of components modules, and configurations.
- Modules provide application code
RAM/ROM Size in Mica2
4kb RAM, 512 KB ROM: check RAM/ROM in Mica2
What kinds of challenges might arise when deployed in real homes?
- May be more rooms partitions, furnitures more multipath effect
- Noise from radio, TV, VCR, electromagnetic noise
- More people, more movement
- Sometimes party situation
- Location accuracy might degrade
- Home users might not like the phase of data-collection (the number also the time included should be less). May be we can make it application specific.
- Room orientation, furniture movement might happen
- Privacy
How to solve the issues?
- Varying the parameters to find a suitable position
- Use different algorithm like kth nearest signatures can be used
- Can try distributed approach where beacon nodes will calculate the positions
- Beacon nodes can keep only the nearby reference points
- Whatever I found when gets strongest signal from nearest beacon node location is very accurate nearly 1 meter. When we collect data we can place one node at one room. turn off others
- To reduce ref point collection we can first collect data for some points and try to produce data for other positions. May be using an analytical model might improve the situation.
- May be floorplans, furniture positions can be collected in advance so that properties can be collected
- May be a software that will study different models and find the most suitable one
How to extend the system for larger space?
- More beacon nodes
- More base station
- More HGDs interconnected
- May be decentralized system
- Beacon nodes will calculate the positions
- While collecting reference data also collect z coordiates
Why not Ultra wide band technologies?
Well that can be a significat use. Because the signal has built in multipath resistance, low power consumption, security built in. Sensor networks utilizing Ultra wideband technologies can be a good choice.
Many sensor networks using ultra wideband are utilized in health and civil engineering applications. Also, I saw an outdoor location determination project that target to provide centimeter level accuracy in 1 km range.
With UWB, analytical model can also be useful
Limitations of UWB
- Useful in short range, high data rate, robust, low power communications
- Low power pulses can be significantly degraded by channel noise, inter node interference, and intentional jamming
UWB Resources
How does Mica2/Mica2Dot radio modules work?
Terminologies
dbm or Decibel: Why we use Decibel? What does it mean?
Ubiquitous and Pervasive Computing
Pervasive computing makes information available everywhere. Computing environment using mobile phone, hand-held computers, and smart jackets are parts of pervasive computing to make information available and easily accessible. Therefore, pervasive computing refers to the distributed tools in our environment, through which we access information anytime, anywhere.
Ubiquitous computing would include information everywhere where Pervasive computing would make information available everywhere
Links that describe and provide differences between Ubiquitous and Pervasive Computing
Below are paragraphs that demonstrate the terms clearly as provided in Future A Lab Website. Republished here with their permission.
"ubiquitous computing is best considered as the underlying framework, the embedded systems, networks and displays which are invisible and everywhere, allowing us to 'plug-and-play' devices and tools. Such systems are so embedded and natural that we use them without thinking - except of course when they break down!
Pervasive computing, on the other hand, would be all the physical parts of your life; your mobile phone, hand-held computer or your smart jacket, which changes with your body temperature. Pervasive computing therefore refers to the distributed set of tools within our environment, through which we access information anytime, anywhere."To some extent ubiquitous computing is the attempt to reduce the need to have an overabundance of physical pervasive devices. Rather, its 'grand vision' is to have intelligence built into the things we already use - bikes, cars, toys, fridges and so forth. We are slowly seeing evidence of this within everyday contexts - cars with inbuilt navigation systems, fridges that tell us when we are out of milk or that our food has defrosted.
As a result ubiquitous and pervasive computing are two sides of the same coin. Where ubiquitous computing would include information everywhere, pervasive computing would make information available everywhere. Consequently they share some of the same key goals - the need for useable interfaces, connected via sustainable and scalable distributed networks, where the information is reliable, protected and shared. Key areas of research focus on the development of context-aware and adaptive intelligent systems, devices and networks, which are user-friendly, heterogeneous, flexible and secure. From: http://sitestree.com/?p=5310
Categories:111
Tags:
Post Data:2007-02-10 08:27:25
Shop Online: <a href='https://www.ShopForSoul.com/' target='new' rel="noopener">https://www.ShopForSoul.com/</a>
(Big Data, Cloud, Security, Machine Learning): Courses: <a href='http://Training.SitesTree.com' target='new' rel="noopener"> http://Training.SitesTree.com</a>
In Bengali: <a href='http://Bangla.SaLearningSchool.com' target='new' rel="noopener">http://Bangla.SaLearningSchool.com</a>
<a href='http://SitesTree.com' target='new' rel="noopener">http://SitesTree.com</a>
8112223 Canada Inc./JustEtc: <a href='http://JustEtc.net' target='new' rel="noopener">http://JustEtc.net (Software/Web/Mobile/Big-Data/Machine Learning) </a>
Shop Online: <a href='https://www.ShopForSoul.com'> https://www.ShopForSoul.com/</a>
Medium: <a href='https://medium.com/@SayedAhmedCanada' target='new' rel="noopener"> https://medium.com/@SayedAhmedCanada </a>
