{"id":78837,"date":"2026-09-24T23:04:48","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T23:04:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bangla.sitestree.com\/?p=78837"},"modified":"2026-09-24T23:04:49","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T23:04:49","slug":"from-ai-tools-as-is","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/bangla.sitestree.com\/?p=78837","title":{"rendered":"From AI Tools as is."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Electrical Signals: What Is Really Traveling Through a Wire?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Electrical Signals: What Is Really Traveling Through a Wire?<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When people hear the phrase <strong>electrical signal<\/strong>, it is easy to imagine electricity as something flowing through a wire like water through a pipe. That picture is useful in some situations, but it does not fully describe what is happening in communication systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An electrical signal is better understood as a <strong>controlled change in electrical quantities, especially voltage and current, over time<\/strong>. In cables and transmission lines, these changes are associated with electromagnetic fields that propagate along the conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is an Electrical Signal?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At a simple level:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>An electrical signal is a changing voltage and\/or current that can represent information.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, a communication system might use different electrical conditions to represent digital data:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Data:        1       0       1       1\n\nVoltage:    High     Low     High    High<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The actual encoding used in modern networks can be much more sophisticated, but the basic idea is the same: <strong>information is represented by controlled electrical changes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is an Electrical Signal Voltage or Current?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It can involve both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voltage and current are closely related in an electrical circuit or transmission line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Voltage<\/strong> is the electrical potential difference between two points.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Current<\/strong> is the movement of electric charge.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An <strong>electrical signal<\/strong> generally involves time-varying voltage and corresponding current.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For introductory explanations, electrical signals are often shown as <strong>voltage changing over time<\/strong>, because voltage is easy to visualize on a graph.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Voltage\n\n5 V     \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500          \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n               \u2502          \u2502\n0 V            \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n          time \u2192<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But this graph is only one representation of the physical signal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is Actually Happening in the Wire?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A real electrical communication signal is more than voltage values appearing at different moments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a cable:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>voltage changes,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>current changes,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>an electric field exists between conductors,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a magnetic field exists around the conductors,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>electromagnetic energy propagates along the cable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A more complete description is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A real electrical signal is an electromagnetic disturbance guided by the conductors, represented electrically by changing voltage and current.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This becomes especially important when dealing with high-speed communication systems such as Ethernet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is a Conductor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>conductor<\/strong> is a material that allows electric charge to move relatively easily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Common conducting materials include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>copper,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aluminum,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>silver.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In networking cables, copper is very common.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, a simple pair of conductors might look like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Copper conductor A  \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\n\nCopper conductor B  \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The electrical signal is related to the voltage difference between these conductors and the current flowing through them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Twisted-Pair Ethernet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ethernet cables commonly use twisted pairs of copper wires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A simplified pair looks like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Wire 1   ~~~~~~~\\\n                 } Twisted pair\nWire 2   ~~~~~~~\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The two wires are twisted around each other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ethernet commonly uses <strong>differential signaling<\/strong>, which means that the receiver is interested mainly in the <strong>voltage difference between the two wires<\/strong> rather than simply the voltage on one wire relative to ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conceptually:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Wire A voltage:    rises\nWire B voltage:    falls\n\nReceiver examines:\nVoltage A - Voltage B<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This approach helps the communication system resist electrical noise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does Electricity Travel Through the Wire?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This question needs careful wording.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Electric charge does move in conductors, but the electrons themselves do not race from the transmitter to the receiver at the speed of the communication signal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Individual electrons usually have a relatively slow average drift.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>electromagnetic disturbance<\/strong>, however, propagates along the cable much faster\u2014typically a significant fraction of the speed of light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So when data is sent through an Ethernet cable:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same individual electrons are not carrying the data all the way from one computer to another.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead, changes in the electromagnetic field propagate through the transmission line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A useful analogy is a long row of closely spaced objects. Movement at one end can produce an effect that travels along the row even though each individual object moves only a small distance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Signal Is Not Just Inside the Copper<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another important idea is that the electromagnetic energy associated with the signal is not confined entirely inside the metal conductor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Electric and magnetic fields exist <strong>around and between the conductors<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The conductors help establish and guide these fields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, a more accurate statement than:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe electricity travels inside the wire\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The conductors guide an electromagnetic signal along the cable.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For everyday explanations, saying that an electrical signal travels through a wire is still perfectly reasonable. The electromagnetic description simply explains the physical process more accurately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Electrical Signals and Digital Data<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suppose a computer needs to transmit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>10110100<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those 0s and 1s are <strong>data<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are abstract symbols. Literal 0s and 1s do not travel through the copper cable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The network interface converts the digital information into electrical signal patterns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conceptually:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Digital data\n     \u2193\nElectrical encoding\n     \u2193\nChanging voltage\/current\n     \u2193\nCable\n     \u2193\nReceiver detects signal\n     \u2193\nDigital data reconstructed<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the connection between <strong>data<\/strong> and <strong>signals<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Data is the representation of information.<br>The electrical signal is the physical mechanism used to carry that data.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does a Digital Signal Have to Be a Square Wave?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diagrams often show digital signals as simple high and low voltage levels:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"> <code>     \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510       \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518       \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518       \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is useful for explaining basic digital concepts, but real high-speed signals usually do not look like perfect square waves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Real systems are affected by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>resistance,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>capacitance,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>inductance,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bandwidth limitations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>attenuation,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reflections,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>interference,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>noise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern communication systems also use sophisticated signaling and coding methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Digital data does not mean that the real physical signal must look like perfect rectangular pulses.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Signal Versus Power<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Electrical signals also relate to electrical power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a basic DC situation:\\[ P = V \\times I \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\\(P\\) = power in watts,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\\(V\\) = voltage in volts,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\\(I\\) = current in amperes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example:\\[ 10\\text{ V} \\times 2\\text{ A} = 20\\text{ W} \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So the device is using or transferring power at a rate of:\\[ 20\\text{ watts} \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Power Is Not Energy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Power and energy are related, but they are not the same thing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Power<\/strong> tells us how quickly energy is being transferred or used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Energy<\/strong> includes time:\\[ E = P \\times t \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since:\\[ P = V \\times I \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">we can write:\\[ E = V \\times I \\times t \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If a device uses 20 W for one hour:\\[ 20\\text{ W} \\times 1\\text{ h} = 20\\text{ Wh} \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Voltage \u00d7 Current = Power<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">while:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Voltage \u00d7 Current \u00d7 Time = Energy<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is also why electricity bills commonly use kilowatt-hours:\\[ 1\\text{ kWh} = 1000\\text{ Wh} \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Signals and Power Are Related but Different Concepts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An electrical communication signal contains energy, but its main purpose is often to <strong>represent information<\/strong>, not simply to deliver useful electrical power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compare two systems:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Electrical power cable<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main goal is to transfer energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Power source\n    \u2193\nElectrical energy\n    \u2193\nAppliance<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Communication cable<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main goal is to communicate information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Data\n \u2193\nElectrical signal\n \u2193\nCable\n \u2193\nSignal detected\n \u2193\nData recovered<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both involve voltage, current, energy, and electromagnetic fields, but their primary purposes are different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Useful Mental Model<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At different levels of detail, electrical signals can be described in different ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the simplest level:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>An electrical signal is voltage changing over time.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A more complete description is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>An electrical signal involves changing voltage and current.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the physical level:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>An electrical communication signal is an electromagnetic wave or disturbance guided by conductors, represented by changing voltage and current.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All three statements can be useful. The difference is simply the level of detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Putting Everything Together<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A communication system using copper can be summarized as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Information\n     \u2193\nData\n     \u2193\nElectrical encoding\n     \u2193\nChanging voltage and current\n     \u2193\nElectromagnetic signal\n     \u2193\nCopper conductors guide the signal\n     \u2193\nReceiver detects the electrical changes\n     \u2193\nData reconstructed\n     \u2193\nInformation recovered<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The key idea is that an electrical signal is not simply \u201celectrons carrying bits through a wire.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is a physical electromagnetic phenomenon involving voltage, current, electric fields, and magnetic fields, used in a controlled way to carry information from one location to another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From AI Tools as Is:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electrical Signals: What Is Really Traveling Through a Wire? Electrical Signals: What Is Really Traveling Through a Wire? When people hear the phrase electrical signal, it is easy to imagine electricity as something flowing through a wire like water through a pipe. That picture is useful in some situations, but it does not fully describe &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"http:\/\/bangla.sitestree.com\/?p=78837\">Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[265],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-telecommunications","item-wrap"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":78835,"url":"http:\/\/bangla.sitestree.com\/?p=78835","url_meta":{"origin":78837,"position":0},"title":"Data and Signals: A Simple Way to Understand How Communication Works","author":"Sayed","date":"September 24, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Most digital communication can be understood with one simple idea: Data and Signals: A Simple Way to Understand How Communication Works Data is the information represented in a form that a system can use. A signal is the physical way that data is carried from one place to another. This\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u099f\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09ae\/Telecommunications&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u099f\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09ae\/Telecommunications","link":"http:\/\/bangla.sitestree.com\/?cat=265"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1039,"url":"http:\/\/bangla.sitestree.com\/?p=1039","url_meta":{"origin":78837,"position":1},"title":"Lecture &#8211; 00: Areas of Electrical Engineering (\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099a\u09be\u09b0 &#8211; 00: \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u0987\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 \u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0)","author":"Author-Check- Article-or-Video","date":"April 14, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Power, Automatic Control Systems, Signal Processing and Communication, Electronics, Electromagnetic Field","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Academic&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Academic","link":"http:\/\/bangla.sitestree.com\/?cat=2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1069,"url":"http:\/\/bangla.sitestree.com\/?p=1069","url_meta":{"origin":78837,"position":2},"title":"Lecture &#8211; 01: Old Telephone System, Network and Signal in Old Phone System (\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099a\u09be\u09b0 &#8211; \u09e6\u09e7: \u0993\u09b2\u09cd\u09a1 \u099f\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09ab\u09cb\u09a8 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae, \u09a8\u09c7\u099f\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09ab\u09cb\u09a8 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae \u098f \u09b8\u09bf\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2)","author":"Author-Check- Article-or-Video","date":"April 14, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Academic&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Academic","link":"http:\/\/bangla.sitestree.com\/?cat=2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1071,"url":"http:\/\/bangla.sitestree.com\/?p=1071","url_meta":{"origin":78837,"position":3},"title":"Lecture &#8211; 02: (Part &#8211; 1) Old Telephone System, Network and Signal in Old Phone System (\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099a\u09be\u09b0 &#8211; \u09e6\u09e8: (\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac &#8211; \u09e7) \u0993\u09b2\u09cd\u09a1 \u099f\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09ab\u09cb\u09a8 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae, \u09a8\u09c7\u099f\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09ab\u09cb\u09a8 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae \u098f \u09b8\u09bf\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2)","author":"Author-Check- Article-or-Video","date":"April 14, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Academic&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Academic","link":"http:\/\/bangla.sitestree.com\/?cat=2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":20661,"url":"http:\/\/bangla.sitestree.com\/?p=20661","url_meta":{"origin":78837,"position":4},"title":"How to build your own radio (FM) to listen to the local radio station?","author":"Author-Check- Article-or-Video","date":"February 25, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"The idea is very simple, the signals are in the air. 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